What Comes in a Background Check

What Comes in a Background Check

A background check is a review of a person's history used to verify identity and assess risk. What comes in a background check depends on the employer, the role, and legal requirements, but most searches share a common set of core components.

Criminal Record Search

A criminal history search is usually the centerpiece. It covers misdemeanor and felony convictions, arrest records, and sometimes pending cases at the county, state, and federal levels. Sex offender registry checks are often included as a separate layer. The depth of the search often depends on the level of trust the job requires.

Employment and Education Verification

Employers typically confirm past jobs, dates of employment, and job titles by contacting previous employers or using verification services. Education verification confirms degrees, diplomas, and certifications through schools or third-party databases. Gaps in employment are commonly flagged for explanation.

Identity and Credit Checks

A background check usually starts with identity verification, including Social Security number tracing and address history. For roles involving financial responsibility, a credit check may reveal bankruptcies, collections, or payment history, though credit-based checks are restricted in some states.

Specialized and Regulatory Screenings

Certain industries add layers such as drug testing, motor vehicle records, professional license verification, or reference checks. Healthcare and childcare roles often include abuse registry searches. Military discharge verification may be used for government contractors.

What Typically Does Not Appear

Many people assume a background check reveals everything, but it generally does not include medical records, sealed or expunged convictions, or accounts closed in good standing. The specific items returned depend on the scope of the search, the adjudicating company, and the laws of the state where the check is performed.