What Is Cabozantinib
Cabozantinib is a prescription medication that belongs to a class of drugs called kinase inhibitors. It works by blocking the activity of abnormal proteins that signal cancer cells to grow and divide, helping to slow or stop the spread of certain cancers.
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Medical Uses
Cabozantinib is approved for the treatment of several advanced cancers. It is commonly used when the disease has progressed or cannot be treated with surgery. The specific approved uses include advanced renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and progressive, metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. In some cases, it may be used as a first-line treatment, while in others it is reserved for later stages when other therapies have failed.
How It Works
As a multi-kinase inhibitor, cabozantinib targets several enzymes that promote tumor growth and blood vessel formation. By inhibiting these pathways, the drug aims to reduce the blood supply to tumors and directly interfere with cancer cell proliferation. This mechanism helps to shrink tumors or delay their progression, though it does not cure the underlying disease.
Administration and Dosage
Cabozantinib is taken orally as a tablet, usually once daily on an empty stomach. The dosage varies based on the type of cancer being treated and the patient's overall health. A doctor will determine the appropriate dose and monitor the patient regularly for side effects or treatment response.
Side Effects and Risks
Common side effects of cabozantinib include diarrhea, fatigue, high blood pressure, hand-foot syndrome, and decreased appetite. More serious risks can involve liver injury, blood clots, severe bleeding, or heart problems. Patients should report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider immediately to manage complications early.
Key Considerations
Before starting cabozantinib, patients should disclose all other medications they are taking, as cabozantinib can interact with many drugs. Regular blood tests and monitoring are essential during treatment to ensure safety and effectiveness.