What Is in a Background Check

What a Background Check Reveals

A background check compiles public and commercial records to verify a person's identity, history, and credibility. The specific items included depend on the scope of the search and the purpose, such as hiring, renting, or licensing.

Common Components of a Standard Check

Most background checks start with a person's full name, date of birth, and previous addresses to ensure the correct identity. The search then typically expands to the following areas:

• Criminal records: County, state, and federal court searches for convictions, arrests, and pending charges.
• Employment verification: Confirmation of past job titles, dates of employment, and reasons for leaving.
• Education verification: Validation of degrees, diplomas, and attendance dates claimed by the individual.
• Credit report: A summary of credit accounts, payment history, and public bankruptcies or liens.
• Identity and SSN trace: Address history and alias records tied to a Social Security number.

Optional and Specialized Additions

Depending on the role or situation, a check can also include a driving record showing violations and license status, a review of professional licenses for validity, and a sex offender registry search. Global screening adds international criminal and sanctions list checks for candidates with overseas history.

What Is Usually Excluded

Standard checks do not reveal medical records protected by HIPAA, sealed or expunged court files, or purely subjective character references unless specifically requested. The Fair Credit Reporting Act governs what consumer reporting agencies can legally report, typically limiting negative credit items to seven years, with exceptions for certain criminal convictions.